Analysis Of The Poem The Raven - 1795 Words

Analysis of the Raven (The Poem Itself, and Its Symbolism) â€Å"The Raven† has been one of the most recognizable works in American poetry because of its haunting, music-like quality. It is also known for its hypnotic sound and uniform tone of melancholy. Poe needed to create a masterpiece people could remember him by. He used all of his best writing talents in his poem; repetition, parallelism, internal rhyme, alliteration, and assonance, so that he would be committed to the memories of all people for countless generations. In his essays, Poe defended beauty and pleasure as the primary concerns of poetry and was very much against excessive length. (Funk Wagnalls, 104) He chose his yet-to-be-written poem to be around 100 lines long—short enough to be read in one sitting, but long enough to be enjoyed by readers and to fill up a few pages. Once written, his poem was exactly 108 lines long. Always contrary to the mainstream, Poe decided to write his newest poem backwards; first, to figure out the effect, then the plot, and then the writing of the actual work. Because Poe believed that â€Å"beauty is the sole legitimate province of a poem,† he made the theme and effect of â€Å"The Raven† the loss of ideal beauty, and the difficulty in regaining it. (World Literature Criticism, 2751) After choosing his theme, he believed the poem would have sadness as its best tone. Using both the theme of beauty and the tone of sadness, he could only come up with having death as the topic ofSh ow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 1813 Words   |  8 PagesThose that have read â€Å"The Raven† may not fully understand what the young man in the poem is feeling and may question why does he do these things. Have a better understanding of the character’s feelings and what he must have gone through. He closes himself off from others and gains a fascinating raven that flies into his home. Some believe the reason why his is sad and lonely is because he self-torments. Though in reality the young man only misses his beloved so greatly that he can’t help but feelRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 918 Words   |  4 PagesAllen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven† has been hailed by critics to be a defining work in the history of poetry. â€Å"Mariana†, a poem by Lord Alfred Tennyson draws from similar feelings and themes. As a result, the two poems are intertwined, similar to a startling degree. However, they set themselves apart from the other in several distinct ways. Even though both main characters long for a lost loved one, their psychological responses and states of mind differ. Additionally, the themes of the poems themselves divergeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 2111 Words   |  9 PagesThe Raven versus Ode to a Nightingale â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of a young adult who has lost the woman he was in love with and is struggling cope. The story-teller compulsorily builds self-destructive understanding of his mourning in a raven’s constant Nevermore reminder to him, until he eventually gives up about being reconnected with Lenore in the new world. On the other hand, John Keats’ â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is another interesting poem set in London, which tells the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven By Edgar Allen Poe1376 Words   |  6 Pagespoetry and without proper use of it a poem may not be as strong as others. Poetry is a form of art, and a poet uses language as a painter would use color to portray their art. Edgar Allen Poe is one of the greatest poets in history because his mastery of literary elements such as allusion, allegory, symbolism, and figurative language. â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allen Poe is a fascinating poem in which he displays excellent use of language. There are many symbols in this poem which help the reader understandRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven And Remembered How Good I Thought It Was871 Words   |  4 PagesI was surprised when I started to read a poem for this assignment as I am not what one would call a â€Å"poem reader†. I googled most famous poems of all time then a tons of result came out. However I saw the name Edgar Allan Poe in the list of the poets. I recalled reading his poem â€Å"The Raven† and remembered how good I thought it was. So I decided to dig a little deeper into his poems. In the process I stumbled upon this gem of a poem called â€Å"Annabel Lee†. It was something I read and could instantlyRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven Essay917 Words   |  4 Pageswriting from poems to short stories. One of his most famous narrative poems is â€Å"The Rav en.† There are many reasons to read the â€Å"The Raven.† One reason to read the poem is because it is a classic. Secondly, reading â€Å"The Raven† can give sight to Poe’s thoughts and feelings towards his life. Thirdly, the poem is a good example of the mind set of someone who has faced a loss. Another reason would be that the poem can represent trochaic octameter form. It can also represent narrative poem form. Of theseRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe (the Raven)1496 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poes The Raven Poes The Raven is not only an American classic, its a favorite of high school students around the world, as well as their teachers. That being said, its still poetry and therefore can be difficult to understand. Read this summary to review the contents and get a better understanding. * Stanzas: 1-2 Make everyone in class think youre really smart when you bust out everything youve learned in this summary: Stanza 1:  Its late. The poems speaker is tiredRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Raven905 Words   |  4 Pages When you are reading a poem or a short story there are so many other things that are connected to the story that people usual do not look at. But when you do break down a story or poem to look for what it really means that it is called literary analysis. A good piece of work to use is Edgar Allen Poe s The Raven. The Raven has a lot of different literature elements at work such as symbolism, theme, POV. In the Raven Edgar writes a poem about a man that is very sad. The man is sad because heRead MorePoes Poetry Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesfrightening poems. His poems are best known for being extremely grim and macabre, but with a hint of Romanticism in them. â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"Annabel Lee† depict Romanticism being described by feelings and imagination. These poems reflect the reality that the author is dealing with different views in the way lovers grieving and the way of dealing with death. He is also able to make two poems that seem very similar completely different. These are all factors in both poems that make these two poems with aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Dead 1416 Words   |  6 Pages The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven Your Name Your University â€Æ' The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe is a very famous poem which intricately weaves layer upon layer of meaning through singsong verses. Combining allusions to literature, mythology and religion, the poem tells many stories at once while evoking a feeling of nonsense and a descent into insanity. It is hard to understand what the poem is about—if anything at all, and Poe does not

Pranayama Oxygen and Breathing Techniques - 4669 Words

Yoga Breathing (Pranayama) - What is Yoga Breathing? Written by: anagonzales Yoga breathing, or Pranayama, is the science of breath control. It consists of series of exercises especially intended to meet the bodys needs and keep it in vibrant health. Pranayama comes from the following words: * Prana - life force or life energy * Yama - discipline or control * Ayama - expansion, non-restraint, or extension Thus, Pranayama means breathing techniques or breath control. Ideally, this practice of opening up the inner life force is not merely to take healthy deep breaths. It is intended for yoga practitioners to help and prepare them in theirMeditation process. In our respiration process, we breathe in or inhale†¦show more content†¦Pranayama - the science of breath control, consist a series of exercises intended to meet these needs and to keep the body in vibrant health. * Proper Breathing in a Yogic point of view is to bring more oxygen to the blood and to the brain, and to control prana or the vital life energy. * These techniques have also proved to help the prevention of major diseases and cure minor illnesses. Breathing is important for two basic reasons. * It is the only means of supplying our bodies and its various organs with oxygen which is vital for our health. * Breathing is one of the ways to get rid of waste products and toxins from our body. Why Oxygen is so vital? * Oxygen is the most vital nutrient in our bodies. * It is essential for the proper and efficient functioning of the brain, nerves, Glands and other internal organs. * We can survive without food for weeks and without water for days, but without oxygen we will die within a few minutes. * If the brain does not get proper supply of this essential nutrient, it will cause degradation of all the vital organs of the body. * The brain requires more oxygen than any other organ. If it doesnt get enough, the result is mental sluggishness, negative thoughts, depression and, eventually, vision and hearing declines. Oxygen supply in our body, however, declines as we get older and if we live aShow MoreRelatedEssay On Importance Of Exercise1263 Words   |  6 Pagestemporarily. Hence you need an exercise schedule that can bestow you all the three benefits. The age-old techniques of Pranayama Surya namaskar are now becoming recognised throughout the world as strategies for creating optimal health. We suggest the students to do Anuloma-Viloma Pranayama Suryanamaskar for 15-20 minutes daily. This is beyond the scope of this book to teach these techniques here but you can certainly go through some standard books or expert yoga practitioners. I am just mentioningRead MoreYoga and its Positive Effects on the Mind and Body Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesStatistics). While Yoga is often thought of as a practice that involves circus like poses and seemingly impossible flexibility; it not. Even bedridden patients can gain benefit from imagining themselves going through the poses and practicing breathing techniques that are appropriate to them (Dickenson 24-25). Yoga is not something that you do at the studio and leave behind. It becomes a way of life; leading to healthier habits, improving psychological health, and encouraging spiritual growth. An articleRead MoreEssay On Aerobic Training1317 Words   |  6 Pagestheir body (A.M. Moorthy and J. David Manual Raju, 1983). In this stu dy we try to discover the effects of aerobic dance and yogic practice on blood lipid profiles among university students. Yoga provides techniques (physically, mentally, intellectually and emotionally) for this growth. These techniques are also therapeutically useful for many of the stress-related problems. Sound health is an adjusted advancement of a persons identity and enthusiastic dispositions, empowering him to live in harmonyRead MoreThe Increasing Popularity of Yoga Essay4089 Words   |  17 Pagesby using techniques to perfect the body, calm the mind, and increase spiritual awareness. Of particular interest to health care professionals is Hatha yoga, a subdivision of Raja yoga. While Raja yoga is considered a more meditative form, Hatha yoga involves the practice of specific body postures and deep breathing exercises. These characteristics provide for a yogic practice that is more physical in nature. Typically, in todays popular practice, it is the external form, or tech nique (HathaRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Fitness On Women2331 Words   |  10 Pagesspirit is a beautiful way to embark on the path to motherhood† (The Gift of Prenatal Yoga, 2002, p.4). The ancient techniques include breathing exercises, postures, meditation and deep relaxation (The Gift of Prenatal Yoga, 2002). The poses performed in a prenatal yoga class â€Å"focus on pregnancy-related concerns: toning the pelvic-floor muscles, opening the hips and pelvis, increasing breathing capacity, improving postural alignment and encouraging relaxation† (Shea, 2005, p. 102).This art form offers

Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory

Question: Describe about the Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory? Answer: Jesus in all his glory and might sought only to serve and even though, He was theSon of God. He who, suffered for our sins, theSon of God chose to serve us humble beings. And as through his action, on Earth and Heaven, the Son of God, Jesus Christ hand out us with utmost of passion and care. He bore our sins, and made intercessionfor the transgressors (Bondarouk, RueÃÅ'ˆl Looise, 2011).When our savior walked among us, He was despised and rejected by the humanity. Moreover, He did not bear any royalty or beauty to attract us towards him, for He wanted the title of servant. Also, in this endeavor, He went unspeakable lengths, served us rigorously, to attain the title. He took our pain and our suffering, but we naively considered him punished by God (Townsend, Wilkinson, Allan Bamber, 2011). Nevertheless, the truth was our savior, suffered the pain for our transgressions and was crushed for our iniquities. He suffered our punishment and brought us peace. In addition, as He was wo unded, we were healed of our sins and transgressions. We had lost our way, and Jesus, our savior showed us the path. Like sheep gone astray, we all went our own way (Chanda Shen, 2009). TheLord has laid on him, the punishment for us all. He was struck by theLord, for our transgression and our iniquity. The punishment we were to bear was all laid on him. Also, He, our accurate savior took our pain to give us peace. He went through unspeakable punishment, for the transgressions of all of us. He was tested by theLord, as we are tested. So Jesus Christ, theSon of God, as He sits on his throne of grace in Heaven knows our pain. He walked the path of righteousness, and servitude, and, therefore showed us the path to follow. He showed us the path of righteousness and servitude (Gilbert, De Winne Sels, 2015). And He passed through the hurdles that may come, and He showed how to overcome them. He modeled the path He wishes us to follow. Here great savior, came down among us, lived as one o f us, and suffered our transgressions to show us the path of righteousness. Also, He did not only preach but pursued the path to show us how to lead through servitude. All true Christian must follow the command of the great Savior, by which He lived, and that is to serve. One must serve to lead, for without suffering the same as our fellow Christian, we can never realize their pain (Tsui Lai, 2009). Therefore, the path of our savior and his command is to lead through servitude, and to repent for the transgression of our fellow humble beings. To follow the command of our savior, we must be selfless in our service, and never should we choose to serve for the fruits it may bear ("HRM and Quantitative: Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory, 2014). The path of our Savior is a selfless one. Only serving from theHeart, with no expectation of what it would yield for us and no discrimination of whom we serve is the path our Savior modeled and commanded us to follow. Moreover, we m ust walk the path of our savior to attain his grace when the final judgment comes. The values that are to be perceived to follow the path of our savior, Jesus Christ, the merciful high priest, is that He showed us through his grace. He made atonement for the sins of the people (Jackson, 2002). He was tempted and He suffered for them. Temptations were presented to him at every stage, but He did not sin. We must also follow his path when we are confronted with temptations. The fear of death, governs our action. It hinders our service to god and our bellow beings. The slavery of fear of death must be overcome to follow the path of our savior, as He modeled the path. He, by his death broke the power of the one who Held the power of death, the devil (Lange, 2013). Therefore, showed us the path to follow, free of transgression and sins. Our savior, Jesus Christ had felt no shame in calling those who were made holy by our Lord, for those who are holy and those who are made holy are of the same family. And so we must uphold the path of theSon of God, Jesus Christ and must preach fraternity. To treat our fellow beings as our brothers and sisters to feel as them and serve them truly. To Help those who need, and remember to stay on the course of righteousness even as we are tested. The path has been modeled by savior, as He was tested and tempted, but every time He chose not to sin (McGovern, 2002). And so when we follow his path, we will be tested and tempted. However, as our, savior didnt deter from the path of servitude, neither must we. The temptations and fears are endless. Moreover, the devil will use them to take us away from our path. He will strike the fear of death, but we must stay on course, we must follow the path of our savior, JesusChrist. Under adverse circumstances, we must remember the choice our savior made whenHe was put to test and temptations. He has preached and lived the path of righteousness to show us (Meijerink, Bondarouk Lepak, 2015). He served us to show us the way of life he preached. It is him we must adorn and follow, an d values He lived by will guide us in our way of following his command. I was working in Retail Company named SBC private limited; there was some critical issues created disaster to my workplace reliability. The human resource management were not able to function smoothly as results of this the working hour was extended by the temporary leaders and it become difficult for me to continue my job in that company (Thompson, 2011). However, several times I have completed against the increase in working hour, which affected my level of thinking and impacted in my personal life too. Due to the extension of work hour, I could no able to reach home in time and several family issues have been raised at that particular time (Thornhill, Saunders Skinner, 2004). Furthermore, it can be stated that the inadequate maintaining a function of human resource department results in creating a disaster in my personal and professional life. References Bondarouk, T., Ruel, H., Looise, J. (2011). Electronic HRM in theory and practice. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chanda, A., Shen, J. (2009). HRM strategic integration and organizational performance. Los Angeles: Response Books. Gilbert, C., De Winne, S., Sels, L. (2015). Strong HRM processes and line managers' effective HRM implementation: a balanced view. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(4), 600-616. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12088 HRM and Quantitatives: Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory. (2014). CBR, 13(06). https://dx.doi.org/10.17265/1537-1506/2014.06.004 Jackson, T. (2002). International HRM. London: SAGE. Lange, T. (2013). Evidence based HRM: a scholarship perspective with a difference. Evidence-Based HRM, 1(1), 4-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20493981311318584 McGovern, P. (2002). HRM, technical workers and the multinational corporation. London: Routledge. Meijerink, J., Bondarouk, T., Lepak, D. (2015). Employees as Active Consumers of HRM: Linking Employees HRM Competences with Their Perceptions of HRM Service Value. Human Resource Management, n/a-n/a. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21719 Thompson, P. (2011). The trouble with HRM. Human Resource Management Journal, 21(4), 355-367. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2011.00180.x Thornhill, A., Saunders, M., Skinner, D. (2004). HRM and change. [Bradford, England]: Emerald Group Pub. Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Allan, C., Bamber, G. (2011). Mixed signals in HRM: the HRM role of hospital line managers1. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(3), 267-282. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2011.00166.x Tsui, A., Lai, K. (2009). Professional practices of human resource management in Hong

Workbook Pressure Sores free essay sample

Undertake agreed pressure area care Unit 4222-229 Undertake agreed pressure area care Outcome 1 Understand the anatomy and physiology of the skin in relation to pressure area care The learner can: 1. describe the anatomy and physiology of the skin in relation to skin breakdown and the development of pressure sores Skin is the largest organ of the body, covering and protecting the entire surface of the body. The total surface area of skin is around 3000 sq inches or roughly around 19,355 sq cm depending on age, height, and body size. The skin, along with its derivatives, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands forms the integumentary system. Besides providing protection to the body the skin has a host of other functions to be performed like regulating body temperature, immune protection, sensations of touch, heat, cold, and pain through the sensory nerve endings, communicating with external openings of numerous other body systems like digestive system, urogenital system, and respiratory system via mucous membranes. We will write a custom essay sample on Workbook Pressure Sores or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The skin is primarily composed of three layers. The skin, which appears to be so thin, is still itself divided into epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer or hypodermis. Each layer has it own function and own importance in maintaining the integrity of skin and thereby the whole body structure. Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected. Eventually subcutaneous and deeper tisssues are damaged. Besides the heel, other areas commonly involved are the skin over the buttocks, sacrum, ankles hips and other bony sites of the body. | 2. identify pressure sites of the body Common pressure points on the body include the tail bone (sacrum), hip bone areas, and the ankle and heel. Less common sites include the elbows, spine, ribs, and back of the head. | 3. identify factors which might put an individual at risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected. Eventually subcutaneous and deeper tisssues are damaged. Besides the heel, other areas commonly involved are the skin over the buttocks, sacrum, ankles hips and other bony sites of the body. Factors which influence the development and healing of pressure ulcers: †¢ Pressure and shear †¢ Impaired or restricted mobility / activity †¢ Sensory impairment †¢ Reduced level of consciousness †¢ Incontinence †¢ Poor nutrition and hydration †¢ Extremes of age* †¢ Poor posture or inadequate support †¢ Previous pressure damage †¢ Acute, chronic and terminal illness| 4. describe how incorrect handling and moving techniques can damage the skin Effective moving and handling has a role to play in the prevention of pressure ulcer formation. Inappropriate moving and handling practices may result in tissue damage and contribute to ulcer formation. Once formed, pressure ulcers may prove difficult to treat and their presence may have implications on how a client may be positioned and moved and may further hinder their recovery. | 5. identify a range of interventions that can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores Mobility has a significant role to play in the prevention of pressure ulcers. By facilitating client movement, the practitioner is reducing the likelihood of tissue damage by: Relieving pressure Promoting circulation Allowing air to reach the skin Reducing temperature and humidity Avoiding incontinence Allowing skin to be inspectedThere are also a range of special mattresses and cushions to relieve pressure on vulnerable parts of the body. Most popular are the ones that can be connected to flow of air. Which is automatically regulated to reduce pressure as  and when required. Special dressings and bandages can be used to protect and to speed up the healing of pressure sores. Topical preparations such as cream and ointments can speed up healing process and prevent further tissue damage. There is also a vast range of equipment that is designed specifically to assist with moving and handling. Chairs Wheelchairs Beds Shower/Commode Chairs Sliding Boards Sliding Sheets Low Friction Rollers One Way Slides Turntables Hoists and Slings| 6. describe changes to an individual’s skin condition that should be reported. Outcome 2 Understand good practice in relation to own role when undertaking pressure area care 1. identify legislation and national guidelines affecting pressure area care | 2. describe agreed ways of working relating to pressure area care | 3. describe why team working is important in relation to providing pressure area care. | Outcome 3 Be able to follow the agreed care plan The learner can: 1. describe why it is important to follow t he agreed care plan | 2. ensure the agreed care plan has been checked prior to undertaking the pressure area care | 4. escribe actions to take where any concerns with the agreed care plan are noted | 5. identify the pressure area risk assessment tools which are used in own work area | 6. explain why it is important to use risk assessment tools. | Outcome 4 Understand the use of materials, equipment and resources available when undertaking pressure area care The learner can: 1. identify a range of aids or equipment used to relieve pressure | 2. describe safe use of aids and equipment. | 3. identify where up-to-date information and support can be obtained about: Materials| | Equipment| | Resources| | .

Explore the Large Magellanic Cloud

Explore the Large Magellanic Cloud The Large Magellanic Cloud is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It lies some 168,000 light-years away from us in the direction of the southern hemisphere constellations Dorado and Mensa. There is no one discoverer listed for the LMC (as its called), or its nearby neighbor, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Thats because they are easily visible to the naked eye and have been known to skygazers throughout human history. Their scientific value to the astronomical community is immense: watching what happens in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds offers rich clues to understanding how galaxies that are interacting change over time. These are relatively close to the Milky Way, cosmically speaking, so they offer detailed information about the origins and evolutions of stars, nebulae, and galaxies.   Key Takeaways: Large Magellanic Cloud The Large Magellanic Cloud is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, located some 168,000 light-years from our galaxy.Both the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Large Magellanic Cloud are visible to the naked eye from southern hemisphere locations.The LMC and SMC have interacted in the past and will collide in the future. What Is the LMC? Technically, astronomers call the LMC a Magellanic spiral type galaxy. This is because, while it looks somewhat irregular, it does have a spiral bar, and it was very likely a smaller dwarf spiral galaxy in the past. Something happened to disrupt its shape. Astronomers think it was probably a collision or some interaction with the Small Magellanic Cloud. It has the mass of about 10 billion stars and stretches across 14,000 light-years of space. A portion of the Large Magellanic Cloud showing its many clusters and gas and dust lanes set against a nebula backdrop.   NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope The name for both the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds comes from the explorer Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted the LMC during his voyages and wrote about it in his logs. However, they were charted long before Magellans time, most likely by astronomers in the Middle East. There are also records of its sighting in the years before Magellans voyages by various explorers, including Vespucci.   The Science of the LMC The Large Magellanic Cloud is filled with different celestial objects. Its a very busy site for star formation and has many protostellar systems. One of its largest starbirth complexes is called the Tarantula Nebula (due to its spidery shape). There are hundreds of planetary nebulae (which form when stars like the Sun die), as well as star clusters, dozens of globular clusters, and countless massive stars.   Astronomers have identified a large central bar of gas and stars stretching across the width of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It seems to be a rather misshapen bar, with warped ends, likely due to the gravitational pull of the Small Magellanic cloud as the two interacted in the past. For many years, the LMC was classified as an irregular galaxy, but recent observations have identified its bar. Until relatively recently, scientists suspected that the LMC, SMC, and Milky Way would collide sometime in the distant future. New observations show that the orbit of the LMC around the Milky Way is too fast, and it may not ever collide with our galaxy. However, they could pass close together, the combined gravitational pull of both galaxies, plus the SMC, could further warp the two satellites and change the shape of the Milky Way.   A view of the Large Magellanic Cloud and all its star formation regions (in red). The central bar stretches across the entire galaxy. NASA/ESA/STScI Exciting Events in the LMC The LMC was the site in 1987 of an event called Supernova 1987a. That was the death of a massive star, and today, astronomers are studying an expanding ring of debris moving away from the site of the explosion. In addition to SN 1987a, the cloud is also home to a number of x-ray sources which are likely x-ray binary stars, supernova remnants, pulsars, and x-ray bright disks around black holes. The LMC  is rich with hot, massive stars that will eventually blow up as supernovae and then likely collapse to create neutron stars and more black holes.  Ã‚   The expanding cloud of material spreading out from the site of Supernova 1987a as seen in visible light from Hubble Space Telescope and x-rays from the Chandra X-Ray satellite. NASA/Chandra/Hubble   The Hubble Space Telescope has been used often to study small areas of the clouds in high detail. It has returned some very high-resolution images of star clusters, as well as star-forming nebulae and other objects. In one study, the telescope was able to peer deep into the heart of a globular cluster to discern individual stars. The centers of these tightly packed clusters are often so crowded that its nearly impossible to make out individual stars. Hubble has enough power to do that and reveal details about the characteristics of individual stars inside the cluster cores.   Hubble Space Telescope looked at the globular cluster NGC 1854 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was able to see individual stars at the heart of the cluster. NASA/ESA/STScI   HST is not the only telescope studying the LMC. Ground-based telescopes with large mirrors, such as the Gemini Observatory and Keck observatories, can now make out details inside the galaxy.   Astronomers have also known for quite some time that there is a bridge of gas that connects both the LMC and the SMC. Until recently, however, it wasnt clear why it was there. They now think that the bridge of gas shows that the two galaxies have interacted in the past. This region is also rich in star-forming sites, which is another indicator of galaxy collisions and interactions. As these objects do their cosmic dance with each other, their mutual gravitational pull tugs gas out into long streamers, and shock waves set off spasms of star formation in the gas.   The globular clusters in the LMC are also giving astronomers deeper insights into how their starry members evolve. Like most other stars, the members of globulars are born in clouds of gas and dust. However, for a globular to form, there must be a lot of gas and dust in a relatively small amount of space. As stars are born in this tight-knit nursery, their gravity keeps them close to each other.   At the other ends of their lives (and stars in globulars are very, very old), they die in much the same way other stars do: by losing their outer atmospheres and puffing them off to space. For stars like the Sun, its a gentle puff. For very massive stars, its a catastrophic outburst. Astronomers are quite interested in how stellar evolution affects cluster stars throughout their entire lives.   Finally, astronomers are interested in both the LMC and the SMC because they are likely to collide again in about 2.5 billion years. Because theyve interacted in the past, observers now look for evidence of those past meetings. They can then model what those clouds will do when they do merge again, and how it will look to astronomers in the very distant future.   Charting the Stars of the LMC For many years, the European Southern Observatory in Chile scanned the Large Magellanic Cloud, capturing images of the stars in and around both Magellanic Clouds. Their data were compiled into the MACS, the Magellanic Catalog of Stars.   This catalog is mainly used by professional astronomers. A recent addition is the LMCEXTOBJ, an extended catalog put together in the 2000s. It includes clusters and other objects within the clouds.   Observing the LMC The best view of the LMC is from the southern hemisphere, although it can be glimpsed low on the horizon from some southerly parts of the northern hemisphere. Both the LMC and the SMC look like ordinary clouds in the sky. They are clouds, in a sense: star clouds. They can be scanned with a good telescope, and are favorite objects for astrophotographers.   Sources Administrator, NASA Content. â€Å"Large Magellanic Cloud.† NASA, NASA, 9 Apr. 2015, www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2434.html.â€Å"Magellanic Clouds | COSMOS.† Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/M/Magellanic Clouds.Multiwavelength Large Magellanic Cloud - Irregular Galaxy, coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelength_museum/lmc.html.

What Do You Do Best College Interview Question

What Do You Do Best College Interview Question This question overlaps a bit with another common interview question, What will you contribute to our campus community? Here, however, the question is more pointed and perhaps more awkward. After all, you can make a wide range of contributions to a campus community. To be asked to identify just one thing that you do best is far more limiting and intimidating. As we think about a winning response, keep in mind the purpose of the question. Your college interviewer is trying to identify something that you are passionate about, something that you have devoted time and energy to mastering. The college is looking for something that sets you apart from other applicants, some skill or talent that makes you the unique person you are. Is an Academic or Non-Academic Answer Best? If asked this question, you may be tempted to use it as an opportunity to prove that you are a strong student. Im really good at math. Im fluent in Spanish. Answers such as these are fine, but they may not be your best choice. If, for example, you truly are good at math, your academic transcript, SAT scores, and AP scores already demonstrate this point. So if you answer this question by highlighting your math skills, you are telling your interviewer something that he or she already knows. The reason you have an interview to begin with is because the college has holistic admissions. The admissions folks want to evaluate you as a whole person, not as an empirical set of grades and test scores. Thus, if you answer this question with something that your transcript already presents, youve lost an opportunity to highlight a dimension of your interests and personality that cannot be gleaned from the rest of your application. Put yourself in the shoes of your interviewer. Which applicant are you most likely to remember at the end of the day?: The one who says she is good at chemistry or the one who has amazing skills making claymation movies? Will you remember the good speller  or the one who restored a 1929 Model A Ford? This is not to say that you should steer clear of academics, for the college certainly does want to enroll students who are good at math, French, and biology. But when given the opportunity, try to use your interview to highlight personal strengths that might not come across so clearly in the other parts of your application. I Dont Do Anything Really Well. What Now? First off, youre wrong. Ive been teaching for 25 years and I have yet to meet a student who isnt good at something. Sure, some students have no aptitude for math, and others cant throw a football more than two feet. You may be inept in the kitchen, and you might have a third-grade spelling ability, but you are good at something. If you dont recognize your talents, ask your friends, teachers, and parents. And if you still cant come up with something you consider yourself good at, think about these possible approaches to the question: Im an expert at failing. Read any article on the characteristics of successful people, and youll learn that they are good at failing. They take risks. They try new things. They make mistakes and hit dead ends. And heres the important partthey learn from those failures and keep trying. Successful people fail a lot.Im a good listener. This interview question might make you feel uncomfortable because it is asking you to boast about yourself. If you feel uncomfortable tooting your own horn, is that because you prefer listening to speaking? If so, great. The world needs more people who listen. Embrace your listening skills.Im good at smelling the roses. Sadly, Ive met many applicants to highly selective colleges who are so driven to succeed both academically and in their extracurriculars, that theyve lived high school wearing blinders. Are you the type of person who loves to pause and appreciate the world around you? A strong student who can also treasure a beautiful sunset or a quiet sno wfall is someone who has found a healthy balance in life. Embrace this quality. Avoid the Predictable Responses Some answers to this question are perfectly safe, but they are also remarkably predictable and tired. Answers such as these are likely to make your interviewer nod in a gesture of bored approval: Im very responsible. Great, but your interviewer doesnt know you any better after that response. Your grades already show that you are responsible, and you havent given your interviewer a new and interesting dimension to your application.Im a hard worker. See above. Your transcript tells your interviewer this. Focus on something that isnt obvious from the rest of your application.Im good at writing (or biology, math, history, etc). As discussed earlier, a response like this is perfectly fine, but its a lost opportunity. Youre likely to get asked what you want to major in, so use that moment to talk about your favorite academic subject. And again, realize that your transcript shows what subject you have mastered. A Final Word If youre like me, a question like this is rather awkward. It can be uncomfortable tooting your own horn. Approached correctly, however, the question gives you a great opportunity to present a dimension of your personality that isnt obvious from your application. Try to find a response that identifies something that makes you uniquely you. Surprise your interviewer, or present a facet of your personality and interests that will differentiate you from other applicants. More Interview Articles Master These Interview QuestionsAvoid These Common Interview MistakesCollege Interview Dress for MenCollege Interview Dress for Women

Critical appraisal of a marketing topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical appraisal of a marketing topic - Essay Example The organizational top heads have realized where they have gone wrong all this while, and what more could be done to bring sanity within their own ranks. This has called for clear cut strategic directions and policies that must be developed in the wake of changing marketing, management and business initiatives. New products and services get introduced with each passing day (Cooper, 2001). What is important is to discern the exact basis of growth and productivity within the related realms. This is needed because the marketing can only come about in full circle when there are all-out efforts and endeavors made by the management concerns. It would solve the anomalies present within the system of conducting business and resolve issues that could be from the smaller to the magnanimous ones. This paper touches upon how maritime businesses have been able to depict their true place within the globally changing dynamics of conducting business operations. The Dynamics of Maritime Businesses Th e maritime business is comprised of the handling of vessels as well as its different components. These revolve around the debate of having enterprises that are doing their bit at the relevant business realms, manufacturing, designing and repairing of the vessels and so on. It has developed into a full-fledged industry and many different organizations are working worldwide to extract the immense benefits that lie within their folds. The maritime businesses have been largely focused on the sea operations as it is the first and foremost requirement indeed. Without a sea or even a river, the maritime business would not be able to come about in entirety. The maritime businesses have made it big because the management realms within their concerns have realized how big a market it is for the investors, stakeholders and retailers. They have also come to the reckoning that the maritime business is a consistent process and does not come to a standstill at any point in time. It is much similar to the aircraft industry or even a road transport system that is in place all over the world (Elkin, 1998). Different shipping lines, cruise companies and brokerage services are under the aegis of the maritime business that has made it a huge hit in the time and age of today. There are the marine railways, freight forwarding services and related undertakings within the maritime businesses. Also merchant navy works under the same aegis and not to forget the maritime professionals who have literally made this industry a giant one. Recommendations for Marketing Strategic Projects It is important that the strategic projects within the marketing dynamics are handled in an adequate way so that any shortcomings that exist within the related fore are taken care of. The strategic projects are only successful when their marketing realms are handled properly where concentration is on deriving the maximum possible value. These strategic projects can only come about when they are given the room to be exploited.

Crisis Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Crisis Communications Plan - Essay Example The plan to do this will need to be executed in the next 7 days and will involve executive participation all levels including that of the Managing Director. 3. The significance of the situation is that pressure from the victim's family and from a well-known entity (BBC Watchdog) may generate public demand for Breathe Flow Strips to be banned from sale. This would potentially cut sales revenue by up to 50%. We present here a summary of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) with respect to this crisis situation. As a consequence, we also extend to a CASE (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit). Because of the nature of this crisis and its potentially devastating effects on the company as a whole, we also extend our analysis to include EPISTLE as well. Strengths: The company has a positive brand image (recent reports) for Breathe Flow Strips with the general public and is endorsed by popular sporting figures who are associated with integrity and honesty by the public. Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Threats: Mounting ... Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Opportunity: Restore and strengthen public confidence in Breathe Flow Strips by mounting an anti-drugs campaign and involving current popular endorsers in this campaign Threats: Mounting public pressure to curtail or ban the sales of Breathe Flow Strips, possibility of government intervention, growing perception by drugs-users of Breathe Flow Strips products being a desirable accessory to drugs abuse. For the CASE analysis (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit): Confront (Strength against Threat): The company must leverage its current public image to the full and publicly state its ban on the use of Breathe Flow Strips for any application other than medical and sporting. Involvement of endorsers in a campaign in clubs to warn against the dangers of drug abuse. Avoid (Weakness against Threat): Avoid confrontation with the public or with BBC Watchdog, even though the company has always acted with honour and integrity. Avoid discussion of lack of prior information concerning the abuse problem that might be interpreted as negligent on the part of the company. Search (Weakness compared to Opportunity): Issues Management group to repair public image and to prevent the recurrence of similar situations. Exploit (Strength compared to Opportunity): Strengthen endorsement relationship by involving popular endorsers in an

The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe and Confessions found In a Prison by Charles Dicken Essay Example for Free

The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe and Confessions found In a Prison by Charles Dicken Essay My essay will consist of the themes of the two short stories and background information on the authors who were living at the Victorian time, now seen as classical writers. Edgar Allen Poe was born January 19th 1809 in Boston. He was an American short story writer, poet, critic, and editor. He is famous in all of these traits for his cultivation of mystery and macabre writing. The atmosphere is his tales of horror is unrivalled in American fiction. After his mother died in Richmond, in 1811, he was taken into the home of John Allan, a Richmond merchant (presumably his godfather), and his childless wife. He was later taken to Scotland and England (1815-20), where he was given a classical education that was continued in Richmond. His gambling losses at the university incensed his guardian that he refused to let him continue, and Poe returned to Richmond to find his sweetheart, (Sarah) Elmira Royster, engaged. Poe made a name as a critical reviewer and married his young cousin Virginia Clemm, who was only 13. Poe seems to have been an affectionate husband and son-in-law. Poe was dismissed from his job in Richmond, apparently for drinking, and went to New York City. Drinking was in fact to be the bane of his life. To talk well in large company he needed a slight stimulant, but a glass of sherry might start him on a spree; and, although he rarely succumbed to intoxication, he was often seen in public when he did. This gave rise to the conjecture that he was a drug addict, but according to medical testimony he had a brain lesion. His wife Virginia died in 1847. Charles Dickens is generally considered as one of the greatest writers of the Victorian Era. His work is characterised by attacks on the social evils, injustices and hypocrisy. In his early teen years he was forced to end school and work in the factory. Dickens characters such as Scrooge, David Copperfield and Mr Pickwick have fascinated generations of readers. The author was born in Hampshire during the industrial age his father was a well-paid clerk but often ended up in financial problems. Dickens wrote for several newspapers. In 1836 he married Catherine Hogart. They had 10 children. Both short stories contain the theme of GOTHIC LITERATURE. The Goths were said, by history, to be barbarians who destroyed the classical Roman civilisation and plunged the civilised world into the centuries of ignorance called the Dark Ages. Hence the word Goth originally came from the name of the German tribe at odds with the Roman Empire, later a generic term for all German tribes- came to stand for Barbarous; and later, what was said to be barbarous, came to be known as gothic. The term gothic also came to represent the medieval culture of the long years of the Dark Ages. In Edgar Allan Poes story The Tell Tale Heart, the narrator cannot see that she/he is crazy and rather maniacally tries to convince that she/he is not. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. You should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded. He gleefully recounts the skilled way he kills an old man and buries him under the floorboards. When two policemen came to the residence to investigate, the narrator believes that he can hear the old mans heart still beating, and it drives the narrator to confess the crime: Villains! (Narrator shrieked), dissemble no more! -Here, here! It is the beating of the hideous heart. Both authors have one obvious thing in common they are both male writers. They were very popular in their short story writing and became very famous. The two stories have the narrator as the insane murderers. Those killers talk in great detail about why, how, when and where they committed their evil actions. In both stories the victims were vulnerable. A young child was atrociously killed in Confessions found In a Prison and a powerless old man was killed fiercely in The Tell Tale Heart. Both victims were vulnerable because of their age. The murder plots were both designed intelligently methodically thought out what was being undertaken in days or weeks before the episode occurred. Both authors added a great twist in the end and left the readers stunned. The police officers in The Tell Tale Heart were shocked by the killers confession while viewing where the body was hidden; he was revealing his madness in a dramatic breakdown. The army officers in Confessions in a Prison found out where the decaying body of the child lay simply by observing the unknown crime scene. Last of all, both murderers confessed to their compulsive, inhumane actions and paid for taking the life of an innocent person. The killers in both stories believably insane in the way they had the most ridiculous reasons to take another human life but they still had killers motives. There are many differences that make the both stories unique, such as the murderers Motives to kill. In The Tell Tale Heart the killer was haunted by the evil eye of vulture, although he still liked the man he had to get rid of the eye. In Confessions Found In a Prison the motives were all about greed because the killers wife loved his nephew as her own child and was haunted by the childs face and eyes, which reminded him of his mother, who he believed didnt like him very much. The two victims who were killed had a major contrast in age, old verses young. I think I felt more sympathy for the child being killed rather than the old man because the young child had his whole life ahead to see and experience the world, compared to the old man who had already lived his life. I also think the killing of a child was more horrific in the Confessions found In a Prison compared to the aged man in The Tell Tale Heart. The helpless young child was innocent, little and fragile who even attempted to escape outside in the garden by himself. The poor child didnt have the best of childhood. Both his parents had died, and he had been put into the care of his uncle. The murder in The Tell Tale Heart was left unidentified as to whether it was a male or a female. There were no clues or hints referring to his or her sex, which gives the story more suspense and more mystery. As a reader I felt the narrator could only have been a man due to the horrific style of the murder. I understand that these extreme actions could have been committed by a woman, but I believe it is more likely to be a man. The assassin in the story Confession found In a Prison had a blood relationship with his victim. The killer was an uncle of the child who was his BLOOD nephew. The murderer in the story of the The Tell Tale Heart was a neighbour to the old man who we didnt really know anything about. The Tell Tale Heart takes place in the region of 7-8 days mainly during the hours of darkness at the residence of the old man. The motives of the two murderers were different and similar in particular ways. In The Tell Tale Heart the assassin was disturbed by the evil eyes of the old man that was an image of a vulture. In Confessions found In a Prison the murderer was greedy and jealous because his wife seemed to love his nephew as her own child, the memory of his brothers wifes eyes lived in the little boys eye in particular, which he inherited. I think there is a lot of evidence as to why the murderer was completely mad in The Tell Tale Heart The narrator was simply trying so hard to convince the reader that he/she was not mad, for example but why will you say that I am mad or the line would a mad man have been so wise as this? this clearly shows that the narrator is trying to convince the reader of his sanity. The repetitiveness and the use of phrases of how a mad man should be keeps relating to themes of madness. The narrator also uses speech, involving the readers by asking questions, e.g. Would a mad man have been so wise as this? The killer says in the first paragraph that he/she loved the old man. The killer didnt have any grudges against him, and he had never wronged the narrator. The only thing that came in the way of all of these opinions was that the narrator was haunted by the old mans eye. Such stupid, mad and negative thoughts took the life of an innocent man. The killer in Confessions Found In a Prison was a blood relative of the victim, the uncle of the child. The killer didnt really think twice about his relationship towards the boy and about the deep, deep consequences. Both murderers had plainly confessed to their repulsive deeds at the end of the short stories. Both confessed dramatically. Both murderers sat on top of their victims lifeless corpses just before they were found out. In The Tell Tale Heart the narrator was sitting on top of the floorboards just above where the body had been placed. In Confessions found in a Prison the murderer sat outside in his own garden with his own officers sitting on the soil that his nephew lay beneath. Both killers ended at the site of the manic crimes. In Confessions Found In A Prison when the narrator did not move his chair or himself, the army officers guessed that he was hiding something. Both narrators have probably flashes in their mind of what they did and what their consequences were going to be if they got caught for murdering an innocent and helpless. For example in Confessions Found In A Prison although the narrator his all the evidence and covered up the crime scene, he lived in fear of being found out that he killed his own nephew. He suffers terrible nightmares and needs to keep a constant watch over his nephews early grave. Both authors are sending significant messages in their short stories, who ever takes a wrong turning life or has done something very wrong against the law will be caught and punished to pay in debt for their crime. If you murder, later your actions turn into regrets and pure nightmares, it drives you insane because you cant simply cope with a guilty conscious. The authors try to convey to their readers that by taking a life of a human, the punishment given to the killer will never be enough to pay for the death of an innocent person who will never get another chance to live in this world. I believe the authors are disapproving of MURDER, in the way they ended their short stories with both killers getting caught and arrested for operating a murder offence. Edgar Allen Poe uses noise to create atmosphere in the short story and to build up suspense, for example, the hinges creaked. The reader instantly wants to discover who is behind the door. This creates more suspense and mystery with the intension of making the readers more engaged, and wanting to read further, and it leaves the reader clinging to the edge of their seats. The Tell Tale Heart is very quiet, calm and peaceful, until the twist at the end of the story, when death was inflicted upon the victim. A silence is always followed by action; again the reader is kept entertained, interested and literally addicted to the suspense and the build up of the tension. Edgar Allan Poe also mentions time in The Tell Tale Heart. It helps many writers in building suspense and creating atmosphere based of the theme of the story. Time makes the story more interesting and gives a sense of repetition if certain words involving time are used atmosphere, suspense and tension are built. For example, For the whole hour I didnt move a muscle this portrays how slowly the time passed. For a minute, the heart went on with a muffled sound. The writer here engages his readers by making TIME a way of creating more atmosphere and tension the short story. Out of the two murderers I really do not think either of them deserved any sympathy, seeing as their reasons for murder were both so meaningless. I feel a tiny bit of pity for the murderer in Confessions found in a Prison because he had had the hatred growing inside him for a long time, waiting to explode. From an early age he seemed to resent his brother and this hatred was later transferred to his innocent nephew. The killer in Confessions found in a Prison wasnt completely mad at the beginning of the story, but became so when the nephew took a role as part of his everyday life, his madness simply stretched from the point when the child was put under his care, the memory of the childs parents was there to remind him everyday of his past hatred and jealousy. The murderer in The Tell Tale Heart didnt appear to have a particular link with the victim, as we know it. The victim did him no wrong. I believe the narrator was mad, and beyond any sense of logical thought. I think he was in need of great medical help from the beginning of the story. I favoured The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe rather than the short story Confessions found in a Prison by Charles Dickens, even though both stories stunned me completely. The author Edgar Allan Poe writes in such anger and irritation about the evil eye, which was compared to a vultures eye. The account of the heart of the old man drumming in the killers mind, driving him to breakdown, gives the reader a shaky feeling while imagining the event. I think the repetition of words helped build up the suspense and tension, this also guides the reader to read further into the passage. The word mad appears in The Tell Tale Heart many times referring to the narrators insanity, this implies to the reader that the narrator is crazy, as he/she brings up this subject on many occasions and obsessively denying their own accusations, e.g. I am not mad. There are many short sentences, usually a device to build up atmosphere and suspense. Edgar Allan Poe writes in such detail about each topic, for example the Evil Eye, we as readers could feel the hate growing inside the narrator, which became very realistic. The twist at the end of this story fascinated me, and gave effectiveness to the whole story. It was intelligently written. The ending wasnt obvious, and kept you guessing to the very end. I didnt expect the killer in The Tell Tale Heart to rip up the floor boards because of all of the hard work and preparation that the killer went through to cover up the crime scene. I took a great interest In the way the narrator was portrayed at the end, when the police inspectors arrived. The killer put on an innocent and relaxed facial expression, just in-case suspicion occurred with the officers. His or her voice tones were transformed into calm, relaxing tones, and the body language is conveyed greatly by the description from the author. The body language was altered depending on the situation to avoid suspicion. The reaction at the end was unexpected, but I could sense a twist building up in the writing. The coincidental visit from the police, and the dramatic confession of the killer was very amusing for me to read. In conclusion, Although I believe that neither of the murderers deserve sympathy, I feel remote pity for both murderers, in the fact that they were mentally unstable, and the knowledge of their crime tore at them until it drove them to confess all. I believe that this does equate for a slight sympathetic vote to go to the killer who showed the most emotion, and regret. I therefore would say I felt the most sympathy for the killer in The Tell Tale Heart.

Contemporary Art Essays -- Post-Modernity Post Modernity

Contemporary Art: Dealing with Post-Modernity − †Art worlds consist of all the people whose activities are necessary to the production of the characteristic works which that world, and perhaps others as well, define as art. †¦ By observing how an art world makes those distinctions rather than trying to make them ourselves we can understand much of what goes on in that world.... The basic unit of analysis, then, is an art world.† - Howard Becker (Art Worlds) Postmodernism deconstructs Modernism like Modernism deconstructed art Like the Simpson's episode that explained Po-Mo as â€Å"weird for the sake of weird†, Postmodernism accepted the philosophy â€Å"art for the sake of art†. A very free and democratic practice, a natural response to the inhibiting Modernist intelligentsia. So radical is this notion that it was banned in China during the Mao rule. Art after Modernism became free to reference anything or nothing at all. It no longer needed a meaning or idea. It does not mean, however, that Postmodernism itself is free of Ideology. It is a reaction to Modernism. It analyses and comments on it. Postmodernism rejects meta-narratives of history, culture, and national identity that were present in Modernist art. It rejects totalizing theories that are to explain the way people act and the way the universe works, like the Freudian or Marxist views that science can explain society. It rejects the concept of cultural unity, of equality, and the view that one person can speak on behalf of humanity. Postmodernist art is skeptical of late capitalism and the technological industrial progression. It critiques the concept of â€Å"individualism†, and encourages people to consider multiple identities. It embraces the concept of mul... ... the linear narrative of art history. Works Cited: Baudillard, Jean. â€Å"The Precession of Simulacra†. Translated by Paul Foss and Paul Patton. New York: 1983. Danto, Arthur. â€Å"The Journal of Philosophy†. Vol. 61, No. 19. American Philosophical Association Eastern Division Sixty-First Annual Meeting. (Oct. 15, 1964). pp. 571- 584. Accessed online, 05/10/08. Howard Becker. â€Å"Art Worlds†. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Press, 1982 Irvine, Martin. â€Å"Lectures, Essays, and Seminar Notes†. Georgetown University. Accessed online, 05/11/08. Jameson, Frederick. "Marxism and the Historicity of Theory." New Literary History Accessed online, 05/12/08. /StructuralistMarxism/Jameson/Jameson.htm>

Self Directed Work Team

A Briefing on Self Directed Work Team ( SDWT ) by Group 5 Self Directed Work Team is a powerful construct since the ancient Roman host and today about 68 % of fortune 1000 companies implement SDWT construct including Ford, GM, P & A ; G, FedEx, etc. ( Lawler, Mohrman, & A ; Ledford,1995 ) . DefinitionVecchio ( 2003, p.107 ) defined Self Directed Work Teams ( SDWT ) as â€Å"a extremely trained group of six to eighteen employees that is to the full responsible for making a specific product† . And harmonizing to an article in Entrepreneur Connect ( Anon, 1995 ) â€Å"self -directed squads are little groups of employees who have duty for pull offing themselves and their work† . Success in today ‘s disputing competitory environment is based on employee authorization and squad work ( Boyett & A ; Boyett, 1998 ) . This could be closely related to Herzberg ‘s motivation factor which was later merely defined by Barbara ( n.d. ) as â€Å"what makes you work well† . Many companies are attracted to this invention because of the chance of flattening the organisational construction in these times when retrenchment, flattening and work procedure reengineering are so important ( Coates and Miller, 1995 ) . SDWT leads to increased organisational effectivity and employee satisfaction ( Forsyth, 1999 ) which in today ‘s concern is being the competitory advantage ( Ron Williams, n.d ) . Advantages of SDWTGeneral Motors, Proctor & A ; Gamble & A ; Xerox by implementing SDWT resulted in about 30-40 % betterment in productiveness ( Bruce, n.d. ) . In Kodak client aid Centre SDWT resulted in 100 % addition in net incomes ( Anon, n.d. ) .FedEx improved their service by cut downing the loss of bundles and wrong charge by 13 % . Rubbermaid increased gross revenues by 50 % above projectionsQuality betterment.Increased productiveness and reduced cost.Highly flexible.Simpler occupation categorization and each member know every procedure through occupation rotary motion which will cut down dependence one individual.Better invention and creativeness.Team members are motivated by occupation satisfaction, authorization, trust, feel of ownership & A ; personal growing which in bend benefit the company as a whole.SDWT is being a vehicle for conveying in the Total Quality Management construct in an organisation ( Vecchio,2006, p.112 ) Following statistics based on a reappraisal of organisation that transferred to SDWT ( John Cotter, n.d. ) good prove the positive impact. 93 % reported improve productiveness86 % reported reduced operating cost86 % reported improved quality70 % reported better employee attitudes Given the above advantages and success narratives there are effects and jobs in disputing the success of SDWT and even driving to the opposite way to failure. Consequences of SDWTElimination of supervisory place.The demand for displacement from keeping the determination doing power to deputation and leting liberty. In other words supervisor should move as a facilitator and supply counsel to teams particularly outside the squads ‘ countries of expertness. Supervisors should pull off communicating and supervise the effectivity. Leaderships promote squad work and corporation ( Brillhart, 1983 ) . The key in supervisory function is to actuate â€Å"Self-Direction† . In an interview with Sterling Health USA, employees frequently quoted that â€Å"Before, the group leader made all the determinations. You did n't cognize why the determinations were made†¦ now we do† ( Peter, 1999 ) . But is the squad leader ready to accept the passage from keeping the power to deputation? Is S/He ready to better the accomplishments to measure up as a facilitator?Requirement for heavy investing in preparation. Training needed for both supe rvisors and squad members in constructing assorted accomplishments. Cloke and Goldsmith ( 2002, pp 205-214 ) identified 10 accomplishments those are indispensable for members of the work squads to develop self direction, communicating, leading, duty, back uping diverseness, feedback and rating, strategic planning, determining successful meeting, deciding struggles and enjoyment. Williams ( n.d. ) mentioned â€Å"It is non uncommon for autonomous work squads to pass 20 % of their clip in ongoing training† . Organization willing to implement SDWT should hold a clear preparation scheme including cross preparation chance and resources. Top direction should plan the preparation policy and budget for it.Need for more flatter and flexible organisational construction.The determination doing authorization is transformed to the squad members to extinguish waste of clip trusting on blessings from directors. Autonomy, liberty, authorization are the cardinal participants in success of SDW T which is facilitated merely on level constructions. Duties assigned to workers in GM clearly indicate the demand for level construction. ( William,1999, p.11 )Duty for quality control.Duty for care and little fixs.Duty for safety.Duty for capital budgeting and operational budgeting.Duty for staffing.SDWT to get down executing takes long period.As per William ( 1999 ) SDWTs can non be created immediately ; it can take 2 to 5 old ages to to the full implement. Some companies might non hold the clip or resources to travel through this procedurePhases of organizing SDWT:Phase one: ( Start-Up ) Goal readying, account of intent, member choice and edifice trust ( 6-9months ) .Phase two: ( State of confusion ) Technical aid, feedback, implementing processs to back up self way, and preparation. ( 6-9months ) .Phase three: ( Leader – centered squad ) Promoting leading activity among team members. ( 6-12months ) .Phase four: ( Tightly formed squads ) Deciding struggles, start pull off ing on ain, pass oning resource demand and ends. ( 6-12months ) .Phase five: ( Self way ) Maintain ego assurance and ego regard of others. Strong partnership with internal and external clients.Consequently, if you look at the clip and preparation involved in SDWT ‘s it might non be suited for an environment with a high employee turnover.Need for greater leading development.As the organisation would no longer map in a traditional mode the leaders or directors need to construct their ability to let and promote such a high degree of authorization, which can be tackled with specially created plans ( Coates and Miller, 1995 ) .Problems of SDWTTeam members approached the impregnation point of larning through occupation rotary motion and would hold achieved the maximal degree of gaining i.e. works rate where no more room for psychological or fiscal encouragements ( Vecchio, 2006, p.113 ) . Again while speaking approximately wage as a incentive does it truly matter? Can honor and ackn owledgment be the incentive to guarantee go oning public presentation of the employees ( Vecchio, 2006, p.84 ) . Besides the public presentation measuring system should non make any competition within squad members which will cut down co-operation and impact the success of SDWT.Another major challenge is acquiring people to stay committed to the betterment of the procedures when they realize that they may be working themselves out of a occupation. The employees involved in autonomous work squads must hold a great trade of trust so that employees are non concerned about their occupation security ( Anon, 1995 ) .Conflict direction would be another critical and sensitive issue. Again each squad member has different personalities and perceptual experiences. Here comes the importance of needed accomplishments from facilitator. A civilization of cognition sharing has to be built in.Another inquiry is that, are employees ready to be self directed? Whether they have capacity and accomplishm ents? Of class proper preparation would be in topographic point but still some employees prefer director ‘s way on what to make instead than make up one's minding on their ain. Here comes the demand for choosing appropriate squad members which is once more depending on the endowment of facilitator.Is the organisation policies and civilization is supportive in reassigning power and authorization to team members?Other jobs would be marks of certitude which lead to members willing to take excess ordinary hazard, members disregarding the ethical effects, corporate rationalisation and underestimating capablenesss of other groups which may take to failure and fiscal losingss. ( Craig, 2005, p.219 )Given the fact authorization is a cardinal to win in SDWT ; will all the directors support this? Foegen ( 1999 ) stated on the loss of control: â€Å" If one person makes all the determinations in a given section, for illustration, his or her control is across-the-board. Focus is obvious and univocal. But when authorization is delegated, that focal point becomes blurred, determination devising is diffused, and duty ‘s venue is frequently less certain. † He besides stated deputation and authorization can diminish the self image of the directors. The other booby traps of authorization would be deficiency of lucidity, direction ‘s position as shared control / loss of control etc.Finally it would necessitate legion alterations in procedures and processs and necessitate a batch more clip to do SDWT ‘s successful in a nonionized section.DecisionBefore a company can make up one's mind to implement ego directed work squads, Coates and Miller ( 1995 ) point out certain state of affairss or occupation Fieldss in which this method may non work. These include:When there is a demand for way or supervising. This is frequently needed for occupations which may be unpleasant, backbreaking, fast paced or hazardous.When minimum squad interaction is required. In occupations such as these employees may happen it hard to take each other.When a deficiency of professional adulthood exists among team members.An involuntariness to do the attempt exists.The inability to run into on a regular basis as a squad. Work groups with any of these five features would happen it hard to work efficaciously and may hold to fall back to the traditional method of direction. Statisticss shows that authorization has about a 50 % success rate and it is found that major ground for this is deficiency of direction committedness to the alteration procedure. One of the companies failed by utilizing SDWT is The Airline people ‘s Express. ( Fisher, 2000, p.26 ) . Mention:Anon. ( 1995 )Taking the Mystery Out of Self -Directed Work Teams,Entrepreneur Connect[ Online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/17227174.html ( Accessed: 21 August 2009 ) . Anon ( n.d. )Teams, the good, the bad and the ugly[ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //faculty.css.edu/dswenson/web/T & A ; DlearnCo/gains-lossesofteams.html ( Accessed: 22 August 2009 ) Boyett, J. & A ; Boyett, J. ( 1998 )The guru usher: The best of the top direction minds. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Brillhart, J. ( 1983 )Effective group treatment.fifth erectile dysfunction. Dubuque, Iowa: William Brown Co. Bruce K.Bernard ( n.d )Fixing for Autonomous Work Teams[ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //209.85.229.132/search? q=cache: rEhTVduzfRMJ: www.ux1.eiu.edu/~bkbarnard/preparing2.ppt+self+directed+work+teams+ppt & A ; cd=7 & A ; hl=en & A ; ct=clnk & A ; gl=ae ( Accessed: 21 August 2009 ) . Cloke, K and Goldsmith, J ( 2002 )The End of Management and the Rise of Organizational Democracy. Questia Online Library [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.questia.com/read/111621737? title=The % 20End % 20of % 20Management % 20and % 20the % 20Rise % 20of % 20Organizational % 20Democracy ( Accessed: 21 August 2009 ) . Coates, D. & A ; Miller, M. ( 1995 ) ‘Self Directed Teams: Lessons Learned for Local Government ‘ ,Public Management, 77 ( 12 ) , p. 16, Questia Online Library [ Online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.questia.com/read/5001654373? title=Self-Directed % 20Teams % 3a % 20Lessons % 20Learned % 20for % 20Local % 20Government ( Accessed: 21August 2009 ) . Craig E. Johnson. ( 2005 )Meeting the ethical challenges of leading.2nd erectile dysfunction. USA: Sage Publications Inc.Ed Rose & A ; Steve Buckley. ( 1999 )Self Directed work Teams, A Trainer ‘s Role in the Passage.United statess: Intersil Coporation. Foegen, J.H. ( 1999 ) ‘Why non empowerment ‘ ,Business and Economic Review,Apr-Jun 1999 [ Online ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5313/is_199904/ai_n21437565/ ( Accessed: 22 August 2009 ) Forsyth, D. ( 1999 )Group kineticss.3rd erectile dysfunction. New York: Brooks/Cole-Wadsworth. Jeffrey Christopher Bauer ( 2002 )A Longitudinal Evaluation of The Impact of Organizational Structure on Role Ambiguity and Work Group Performance[ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ucclermont.edu/~BAUERJ/JCBauerDissertationFinal.htm ( Accessed: 21 August 2009 ) . Kimball Fisher. ( 2000 ) .Leading Self Directed Work Teams, A Guide to Developing New Team Leadership Skils.United statess: McGraw-Hill. Peter B.Grazier ( 1999 )Populating with a ego directed work squad & A ; why autonomy plant: A reappraisal of Herzberg ‘s Concepts[ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teambuildinginc.com/article_selfdirected.htm ( Accessed: 21 August 2009 ) . Robert P. Vecchio ( 2006 )Organizational Behavior, 6th erectile dysfunction. Mason, OH, USA: Thomson Corporation South-Western. Robert T.Howell ( 2001 )Fostering Autonomous Team Members[ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teambuildinginc.com/article_selfdirected.htm ( Accessed: 21August 2009 ) . Williams, R. ( n.d. )Autonomous Work Teams: A Competitive Advantage[ online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.qualitydigest.com/nov95/html/self-dir.html ( Accessed: 20 August 2009 ) .

Metabical: Positioning and Communications Strategy for a New Weight Loss Drug Essay

1. What is the decision-making process for Metabical? Who is involved? Metabical needs to decide whom to sell and what means to use in order to reach this group successfully. This decision has to be taken by Printup and her marketing team. The target market should be identified; first of all, the segmentation of the market needs to be done in order to analyze which segment of the market would be more attracted by this product. Besides surveyed people, physicians play a very important role. 2. How should Printup think about the segmentation of potential Metabical consumers? Who is the optimal target consumer? Printup should take into consideration the different goals individuals have towards losing weight, since not everyone have the same reason to lose weight, some are moved by the health risk and others just to look good. Furthermore, the willingness and ability to pay for the product should be considered to identify the optimal target market. After the data was studied, the optimal target consumer should be overweight women (25 to 30), ages 35 to 65, who are college educated since this group takes care more about their health and visit the doctor with frequency. 3. How should CSP identify and employ the differential advantages that Metabical offers to position itself in the marketplace? Since Metabical will be proven to have better results than any other product in the market along with less dangerous side effects, it will be easier to be differentiated from its competitors. It needs to be positioned as a quality product, backed up by the FDA. Then it would be perceived as a luxury type of product that will help individuals who struggle to lose weight to feel and look better. For a successful communication strategy, CSP has to focus on the individual and the physician, for the first group, a celebrity spokesperson should be used since they have power over the audience for being known and trusted. Furthermore, the message should highlight the importance of being healthy and having a better life.

William Glasser essays

Choice Theory/William Glasser essays This paper outlines the principles of Choice Theory, which provide a practical foundation for understanding and influencing human behavior. Choice Theory is an explanation of human behavior developed by Dr. William Glasser. Reality Therapy is the application of Choice Theory within the context of helping relationships. According to Choice Theory, all behavior is an attempt to meet one or more of five basic psychological needs; love and belonging, power, fun, survival, and freedom. Though human beings have the same basic needs, they have different perceptions of how to meet those needs. Individual meet their needs and express perceptions through Total Behavior, which has four components; thinking, feeling, doing, and physiology. William Glasser was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1925 and attended Case Western Reserve University, where he received BS (1945), MA (1948), and M.D. (1953) degrees in Clinical Psychology. He completed his medical internship at UCLA from 1954 to 1957, his Psychiatric Residency at the Veterans' Administration Hospital in Los Angeles, and became a Board Certified Psychiatrist in 1961. The University of San Francisco awarded Dr. Glasser the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa in 1990. (Clark, 2003) Dr. Glasser has written seventeen books, all published by Harper Collins, including his best selling Reality Therapy (1965), Schools Without Failure (1969), Positive Addiction (1976), The Quality School (1990), Choice Theory (1998), Reality Therapy in Action (2000), and Counseling with Choice Theory (2001). Dr. Glasser was a private practitioner of psychiatry in West Los Angeles from 1956-86, while lecturing and writing on a concurrent basis. Since closing his office, he has devoted himself completely to writing, lecturing and training people how to use his ideas. He has worked and consulted in every area of psychiatry and has taught and lectured at universities on every continent. (http:/w...

10 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures

10 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures When you combine two or more materials, you form a mixture. There are two categories of mixtures: homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. Heres a closer look at these types of mixtures and examples of mixtures. Key Takeaways: Mixture A mixture is formed by combining two or more materials.A homogeneous mixture appears uniform, regardless of where you sample it. A heterogeneous mixture contains particles of different shapes or sizes and the composition of one sample may differ from that of another sample.Whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous depends on how closely you examine it. Sand may appear homogeneous from a distance, yet when you magnify it, it is heterogeneous.Examples of homogeneous mixtures include air, saline solution, most alloys, and bitumen.Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include sand, oil and water, and chicken noodle soup. Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures appear uniform to the eye. They consist of a single phase, be it liquid, gas, or solid, no matter where you sample them or how closely you examine them. The chemical composition is the same for any sample of the mixture. Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform. If you take two samples from different parts of the mixture, they will not have an identical composition. You can use a mechanical method to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture (e.g., sorting candies in a bowl). Sometimes these mixtures are obvious, where you can see different types of materials in a sample. For example, if you have a salad, you can see different sizes and shapes and types of vegetables. In other cases, you need to look more closely to recognize this mixture. Any mixture that contains more than one phase of matter is a heterogeneous mixture. This can be tricky because a change of conditions can alter a mixture. For example, an unopened soda in a bottle has a uniform composition and is a homogeneous mixture. Once you open the bottle, bubbles appear in the liquid. The bubbles from carbonation are gasses, while the majority of the soda is liquid. An opened can of soda is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. Examples of Mixtures Air is a homogeneous mixture. However, the Earths atmosphere as a whole is a heterogeneous mixture. See the clouds? Thats evidence the composition is not uniform.Alloys are made when two or more metals are mixed together. They usually are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include brass, bronze, steel, and sterling silver. Sometimes multiple phases exist in alloys. In these cases, they are heterogeneous mixtures. The two types of mixtures are distinguished by the size of the crystals that are present.Mixing together two solids, without melting them together, typically results in a heterogeneous mixture. Examples include sand and sugar, salt and gravel, a basket of produce, and a toy box filled with toys.Mixtures in two or more phases are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil.The liquid that is immiscible form heterogeneous mixtures. A good example is a mixture of oil and water.Chemical solutions are usually homogeneous mixtures. T he exception would be solutions that contain another phase of matter. For example, you can make a homogeneous solution of sugar and water, but if there are crystals in the solution, it becomes a heterogeneous mixture. Many common chemicals are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include vodka, vinegar, and dishwashing liquid.Many familiar items are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include orange juice with pulp and chicken noodle soup.Some mixtures that appear homogeneous at first glance are heterogeneous upon closer inspection. Examples include blood, soil, and sand.A homogeneous mixture can be a component of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, bitumen (a homogeneous mixture) is a component of asphalt (a heterogeneous mixture). Not a Mixture Technically, if a chemical reaction is occurring when you mix two materials, its not a mixture... at least not until it has finished reacting. If you mix baking soda and vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. Once the reaction has finished, the remaining material is a mixture.If you mix together ingredients to bake a cake, a chemical reaction occurs between the ingredients. While we use the term mixture in cooking, it doesnt always mean the same thing as the chemistry definition.

O rubor sanguinis by Hildegarde of Bingen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

O rubor sanguinis by Hildegarde of Bingen - Essay Example This is   another   historical love masterpiece adapted from a poem written by the same artist. The song makes use of a number of artistic features of composition to create a rhythm to the song key among which include rhymes. The artist carefully selects words that sound similar in structuring the sentences in the song. The song is thus a composition of proses that are all rhythmic. This fuses seamlessly with the scanty beats of the time and even though the quality of production is low, the song remains a French masterpiece among lovers of music and history. Love is the oldest topic on which artists have composed lyrics and this old song attest to the same allusions (Langol, Lee, Thomas and Floyd 41).Ave Maria,† Josquin Desprez (France, 1455-1521) By the time of its production, many artists had taken to the trade and music was fast evolving. Josqui Desprez thus used a number of features in the song to ensure that it remained relevant to the society thousands of years after his death. The poor spelling and the different pronunciation of some of the French words portray just how old the song is. The song further employs the common features of the arts to develop rhymes and other forms of rhythms (Burgess 12). The artist uses beats sparingly which implies that the lyrics had an effective flow of rhythm. Furthermore, the artist had an advanced production skills and archiving tools, this retained the quality of his songs despite his long journeys throughout the European continent.   Pope Marcellus Mass,† Palestrina (Italy, 1525-1594)

Profit Maximization - An Actual or Theoretical Objective Essay

Profit Maximization - An Actual or Theoretical Objective - Essay Example For example, rice farmed and thrashed by the farmer is sold for a particular value to companies. These companies in turn process the rice, separating quality grains and packing them with their label, thereby increasing the value of rice. The transporters and stores extract their profit by integrating it in the cost of the rice. In the end, the consumer pays a multifold monetary worth for the rice along with comparable value for money. Some organizations tend to get carried away with their profit-making motives, ending up reaping unjustly high profits. Such organizations tend to lose their loyal customers for two major reasons: not being able to provide comparable value for money and with the entry of competition into their market. Profit Maximization is now a general trend, which had earlier been a typical phenomenon for monopolistic competition – where the absence of competition enables these organizations to charge unjustly high prices for their offerings. Hence it is said t hat free competition is the â€Å"invisible hand† for controlling market prices naturally (Smith). When companies are allowed to compete without regulatory interventions like government policies etc, the resultant market provides both buyers and sellers with best opportunities in terms of exchanges. Buyers and sellers benefit alike from the competition. Profit Maximization: Profit Maximization is a basic Economics concept, which implies extracting highest possible profits through production and sales processes. Profit is the difference between total revenue and the total cost. Total revenue implies the total amount an organization receives from business whereas the total cost means the total investment the organization makes to produce and sell the goods and services. At different activity levels, the cost incurred and the revenue earned tend to be different (as shown in the diagram). From: Sparknotes.com The above graph clearly shows varied profitability at different activit y levels. However, the highest profitability is at the point marked â€Å"profit maximization†. At this point, the difference between costs and revenue is the greatest. At all activity levels below and above this point, the profit is lower in comparison with this point. Profit Maximization can be devised through numerous methods. The aforesaid theory is the Total Cost-Total Revenue methodology for determining the profits. Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost method is also used to determine maximum profitability activity level. However, the base line for both methods is the same – revenue minus cost equals profit. Theoretically, Profit Maximization is often explained as an unethical practice on behalf of business owners, focusing extensively on monetary gains and overlooking other factors. On this note, it is important to remark that profit maximization does not necessary include unethical practices regarding pricing. However, â€Å"it fails to take adequate account of alte rnative desires of the businessmen, for power, leisure, social prestige, and similar non-monetary rewards† (Koplin). Some critics do not agree that Profit Maximization is the underlying objective for business operations since it does not take into account other factors important in the eyes of the investors. Most businesses do not operate for profit reasons only – some businesses like certain blood banks and hospitals work for societal welfare that cannot be weighed in monetary terms. But some critics maintain the importance of Profit Maximizati

Brand management the case of Verticon Ltd Essay

Brand management the case of Verticon Ltd - Essay Example On the other hand, it has been supported that â€Å"brands often can't justify the time and expense of developing new competencies until they are well behind the opportunity curve; successful licensing offers a way of accelerating new product development and deepening brand relevance† [1]. In other words, in order for branding to bring the necessary results, it has to be appropriately designed and developed taking into account that each particular company has its strengths and weaknesses that can be differentiated from the other firms that operate in the same industrial sector. For this reason, the brand management strategy which is going to be implemented in a particular company has to follow specific rules and, most important, to be adapted to the specific firm’s characteristics trying to promote the positive aspects of the organizational structure. Current paper refers specifically to the development of a brand management strategy for Verticon Ltd, a company that ope rates in the British market and especially in the fashion industry. The above firm operates quite long in the particular market, however the increase of the power of its competitors led the corporate managers to decide the establishment of a brand trying to enforce the firm’s performance and ‘secure’ its position in its market.

The Impacts Of The Industrial Revolution In England History Essay

The Impacts Of The Industrial Revolution In England History Essay The Industrial Revolution is sometimes criticized for the negative impacts it brought to the society. However, it is a very interesting, and an undeniable fact that the revolution actually prevented the Malthusian Catastrophe, which could have affected England severely, through starvation, poverty, and diseases. This essay evaluates how, and in what ways England had been affected by the Industrial Revolution both negatively and positively. Most importantly, the research will focus on the ways in which the Industrial Revolution may have prevented the Malthusian Catastrophe in England. This essay, however, will not assess the impacts of the Industrial Revolution in any other countries, nor will it assess factors other than the Agricultural Revolution, efficiently produced goods, and the Enclosure Movement. The most important variables considered will be Englands societal and economic conditions before the revolution began, and how they changed after the revolution was progressed. Causes of the Industrial Revolution, the progress it made, and the negative social, or political impacts brought about in England will also be considered to evaluate the research question. Although the three factors played important roles in preventing the Malthusian Catastrophe, which could have brought disastrous impacts to the British society, they also bought negative impacts on the society, providing poor working conditions, and taking rights form the farmers This problems will further be evaluated in the actual essay. Contents Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4 Industrial Revolution Efficiently Produced Goods à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 6 Agricultural Revolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.10 The Enclosure Movement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 14 Conclusion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦18 Works Cited à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 19 Industrial Revolution: The Impacts of the Industrial Revolution in England on the Malthusian Catastrophe Introduction In a state therefore of great equality and virtue, where pure and simple manners prevailed, the increase of the human species would evidently be much greater than any increase that has been hitherto known In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus published an essay on the principle of population, describing the increasing number of human populations in the 18th century. In his essay, he came out with two postulates: one, food is necessary for human survival, and two, passion between the sexes will not go away. Along with the two postulates, Thomas Malthus undoubtedly declared that subsistence limits population level, since subsistence decreases while population increases (Thomas) and that this would affect the larger socio cultural system in terms of misery, vice, diseases and poverty. Malthus further augmented his idea through carrying capacity theory, noting that populations as a whole tend to grow exponentially or geometrically, whereas natural resources grow arithmetically if they grow at a ll. When a population reaches beyond the amount of resources available to its survival, it has reached its carrying capacity. When a population reaches its carrying capacity, a number of limiting factors such as disease or famine, can occur to bring population down and back to naturally acceptable limits.(Strachan) However, as a result of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, his prediction towards Europe didnt take place. The first Industrial Revolution, which proceeded throughout the decades, began in Britain for a greater economic specialization, and to bring an economic shift through changes in industry. Before the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, there was a great social inequality among the populace in Britain (Hooker). Land was processed mostly by wealthy people, while lower class people struggled to survive, dying with malnourishment and diseases. Besides, there was a countless land of farms, while Britain possessed no real factories. However, follow ing the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, new factories were opened, more jobs were created, and wages rose (Kreis). Most importantly, it stopped the Malthusian Catastrophe, which could have brought devastating impacts on Britain. Three factors might have played significant roles in stopping the catastrophe, which are: Efficiently produced goods, Agricultural revolution, and the Enclosure Movement. Industrial Revolution: Efficiently Produced Goods The Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century in Britain, is well acknowledged for the mechanization of production systems. In earlier centuries, the focus was how to produce more used in the modern has changed everything (Kreis). Before the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was a country where men worked from dawn to dark and the laborer lived not in the sun, but in the poverty. In factories, production was merely dependent on laborers; hence it took a large amount of money and time, without productions being made promptly. In addition, many people worked at home in rural areas while a few worked in shops and in towns (Margaret). On the other hand, the industrial bourgeoisie was eager for higher profits, lower costs, and accelerated production, and they sought alternatives to improve the production of goods. In account of these reasons, machines and new inventions were considered outstanding for everyday use. The Industrial Revolution began with n ew machines. Within the relatively narrow confines of production technology in a number of industries, more numerous, and more radical inventions, including the telephone and assembly line, occurred during the Industrial Revolution than ever before in so short a period, and the Industrial Revolution eventually took manufacturing out of the home and workshop (Margaret). The machines and new inventions that ameliorated the efficiency in producing goods were wide ranging, from a shuttle to an engine. Along with these machines, many factories were able to accelerate production, with lower costs. For instance in 1785, Edmond Cartwright, an English inventor, invented what he called a power loom, after he was inspired by what he saw in a factory, owned by Richard Arkwright (Kreis). The machine, although at first stage, performed poorly with mechanical breakdowns, helped factories improve the speed and quality of weaving after being modified several times. Another example that had presented a great efficiency during the Industrial Revolution in Britain was the Steam Engine, which the first reliable one was developed by James Watt (Patricia). Steam engines were the power being locomotives and ships, which provided a faster source of transportation to bring raw materials to factories and to bring finished products to market. Both these machines were used var iedly in different factories and mines in Britain, as they helped to accelerate production, while having to spend less money and time. It was clear that the new inventions and machines during the Industrial Revolution created an enormous increase in the production of many kinds of goods. The underground movement of coal was speeded up by the utilization of ponies and carts on rail, and the production of coal increased steadily, from two and a half million to more than fifteen million tons by 1829 (Kreis). The flying shuttle, which was invented in 1738, rendered the old process of carrying the weft through the threads of the warp obsolete and enabled the weaver to double output (Patricia). The textile industry marked a great change after the introduction of new inventions, due to transformed methods of making textiles after the introduction of new inventions. Starting from 1831, the British industrial production was doubled, and in 1852, the industrial production doubled again, marking up to 3.3 per capita (Mokyr). The evidence is that the discovery of basic principles of machine design, their application to large or small-scale industrial production and the creation of efficient managerial techniques were all independent of the creation of the factory system by nineteenth-century capitalist. The application of machine design to such industries as spinning and weaving in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries often resulted in inventions suited to the circumstances of petty producers: The new machines required little capita and a family sized labor force, and hence were well suited to the perpetuation of Britain industry (Sabel, 1982, p. 39) At any rate, the efficiently produced goods played a principal role in stopping the Malthusian Catastrophe. It is to be noted that the Malthusian Catastrophe was said to be a return to subsistence level conditions as a result of economic being eventually outstripped by growth in population. The industrial revolution was the driving force behind social change in Britain, and changed nearly all aspects of life through new inventions and spawned a new economy (Clark). As a result of many new inventions such as the steam engine, locomotive and powered looms, production and transportation of goods radically changed. Furthermore, with new mechanized machinery, factories could be built and the factories used to mass produce goods at a rate that human labor could never achieve. Machinery replaced some human crafts; coal replaced humans and animals as the source of power to run machines; and the centralized factory system replaced the distributed, home-centered system of production (Rutherfor d Ahlgren, 1990, p. 151). Machinery and inventions invented toward the manufacturing companies clearly replaced the distributed, home centered system of production, and they eventually improved the production as well as economy in Britain. The population in Britain increased, which meant the resources had to be divided among a greater number of people, keeping the standards of living at subsistence levels (Jegede). The rapidly growing population and sustainability of economy worried Thomas Malthus, resulting in him introducing the theory of the Malthusian Catastrophe. However, following the newly invented mechanism, and efficiently produced goods, the Malthusian Catastrophe could have been stopped. The machines during the industrial Revolution did more during the 1800s to raise peoples standard of living than all the actions of legislatures and trade unions. Despite of its economic improvement, and the great increase in production of goods, therere also some negative interpretations toward the new machines invented during the same period of time. Some historians have stressed the negative parts of the machines, as they pointed to the overcrowded and unsanitary housing and the terrible working conditions such as low wage, created by rapid industrialization in the cities (Patricia). Child labor and precarious factory machines were also pointed out. In Britain, nearly half of the work force in the textile industry in 1833 was under the age of 16. In many cases, the employment of children was quite extensive and the conditions, hours and treatment appalling by twentieth century standards (Tuttle). Many interpretations are taken toward the acts of the industrial revolution. While some historians disparage the industrial revolution due to the negative impacts it brought to the society, some historians see it justifiable due to the fact that Britain had achieved a great progress in industry throughout the Industrial Revolution. Machinery that was invented for convenience brings about the transform in the entire humane history. Britain, which once was a rural and agricultural society, changed to an urban and industrial society throughout mechanism. The Industrial Revolution brought many material benefits that still remain established in the modern world. Britain became the central power in world trade after the revolution, as one suggested the next colony of Britain would be the universe. And these facts, allowed Britain stop the Malthusian Catastrophe. Industrial Revolution: Agricultural Revolution The Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century in Britain, also led to the Agricultural Revolution, which saw a massive increase in agricultural productivity and net output. The Great Britain was based on agriculture, and rural lives. Despite the great gains in industry throughout mechanism, agriculture remained the nations basic occupation, and therefore, enclosure movement, mechanization, four-field crop rotation and selective breeding were used to improve the agriculture (Gay). Agricultural Revolution is another major factor why the Industrial Revolution could bring to an end of the Malthusian Catastrophe. In Britain, before the Industrial Revolution was introduced, food was produced locally, and agriculture could provide for but a few large commercial towns. Somewhere around seventy five percent of the British population made their money farming, but in the winter, they couldnt farm, while in a mean time, farmers had to plow and plant by their own hands. Through out the 18th century, landowners became increasingly interested in finding new ways of farming, as ways of increasing the food supply had to be found due to the increasing population (Gay). Therefore numerous methods for farming were introduced during the Industrial Revolution, which eventually led to the Agricultural Revolution. With the start of the Agricultural Revolution, agriculture and farming families changed, and there occurred massive production in agriculture, including crops and grains. The machines and new techniques that ameliorated the efficiency in farming in agriculture were wide ranging, from breeding to machine. Along with these techniques and machines, many farmers were able to accelerate agricultural production, without having to spend a long time. For instance in 1730, Joseph Foljambe came out with an invention, called the Rotherham plough, the first iron plough to have any commercial success (Kennedy). The machine, which was made of iron and mould board and share, was covered with an iron plate that made it lighter to pull and more controllable than the previous ploughs (Alan). The machine, during the Industrial Revolution, was usually used to turn the soil more effectively with less draft, wear, or strain on the ploughing team, which helped farmers with farming (Kennedy). Another example that provided the efficiency in farming in agriculture was a technique called the three field crop rotation, which Charles Townshend brought to Great Britain after learn ing it from Flanders (Billet). During the middle Ages, the Great Britain had employed a three year crop rotation, in which different crops are placed in each of two fields. Over the following two centuries, the regular planting of legume in the fields, which were uncultivated gradually increased the fertility, and the planting of legumes helped the farming to increase plant growth in the empty field due to their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil (Harskamp) This technique was used as farmers could grow more livestock because there was more food of higher quality. In addition the manure was used as an excellent fertilizer, as it could produce productive crops. Both these techniques were brought during the Industrial Revolution, and helped the farmers grow more livestock that is in higher quality. At any rate, the Agricultural Revolution, followed by a wide-ranging of mechanics and techniques invented during the Industrial Revolution, played a principal role in stopping the Malthusian Catastrophe. Many historians note that the Malthusian Catastrophe referred a return to subsistence level conditions as a result of agricultural production being eventually outstripped by growth in population. Thomas Malthus argued that the unprecedented population growth will outpace the agricultural revolution, and this will result in deaths through starvation and hunger (Thomas). However, it did not happen. The industrial revolution was the driving force behind social change in Britain, especially the rural lives. New inventions and new technologies had changed the ways of farming, and helped the farmers grow more livestock. The agricultural productivity of Britain grew significantly in the period of the agricultural revolution, that it was estimated that the productivity of wheat was about nin eteen bushels per acre in 1720, and that it had grown to twenty one to twenty two bushels in the middle of the eighteenth century (Turner). Although there still was an increase in population, the introduction of the agricultural revolution, followed by the industrial revolution allowed the population growth to be sustained, and the Malthusian Catastrophe didnt occur. The machines and techniques during the Industrial Revolution did more during the 1800s to raise peoples standard of living in farm lands than all the actions of legislatures and trade unions. The machines and techniques used during the industrial revolution, although played a lot of necessary roles in increasing the agricultural production, have negative interpretations as well. Some historians argue that the agricultural revolution was harmful to some of the farmers as the enclosure movement kicked many traditional farmers off the community owned land they had used, putting them out of work (Snooks). Second, with fewer people needed to grow more food, other farm workers were put out of work. More importantly, the population of Britain rose relatively quickly that the population in 1750 reached the level of 7.7 million. Poorly managed farms and ranches were also problems that they contributed to pollution through pesticide abuse and emission violations (Snooks). There occurred soil e rosion through lack of proper stewardship and animal cruelty through ignorant or willful mistreatment of animals. Despite of the negative interpretations toward the machinery in factories, the fact that Britain had achieved a great progress in farming, and farming production throughout the Industrial Revolution is not deniable. Machinery and techniques that were invented or brought for convenience brought about the transform in the entire Britain agriculture. Britain, although was changed to an urban and industrial society throughout mechanism, its agriculture still remained the nations basic occupation, and Britain tried to improve the techniques under the basis of improvements in industrial machines. The Industrial Revolution brought many material benefits that still remain established in the modern world. Undergoing the industrial and agricultural revolution, Britain could be the central power both as a rural, and an urban country. This is important because the Malthusian Catastrophe concerned about the food production being outstripped by the increasing number of population. As the food prod uction increased following the newly introduced techniques and inventions, Britain could avoid such a catastrophe. Industrial Revolution: The Enclosure Movement Britain was based on agriculture, and rural lives. Food was produced locally, and agriculture could provide for but a few large commercial towns. (Industrial) In addition, Most of the British population made their money through farming. However, land owners became interested in the new way of farming, which would increase the productivity. Before the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, there occurred an Enclosure Movement in the 18th century, which revolutionized the landscape of rural Britain (More). As a result of the enclosure movement, instead of communal exploitation of land, property could be managed privately (More). The community in a typical English farmer society was no longer in charge of land, and there was no longer a loose and lax policy on the occupation of land (agricultural). It was after the Industrial Revolution, when the process of enclosure was most apparent. Numerous acts and bills were signed by the English parliament for separate and different parts of land, and the movement revolutionized economic activity by isolating and organizing different farms (Agricultural). Also, its ability of better rising of crops and animals made the enclosure movement become so popular that Trim hedges and compact fields have, for the most part, replaced the wide commons and the scattered, intermixed strips of the old husbandry once practiced over a large part of Britain (Gay). The Enclosure movement was not merely an alteration of agricultural technique, nor was it, on the other hand, a series of spasmodic, cataclysmal upheavals, overwhelming an unfortunate peasantry with each successive convulsion (Gay). The Enclosure Movement played countless important roles in stopping the Malthusian Catastrophe. One most important role was that it improved the agricultural production. In order for landlords to make the most efficient use of the land, they had to manage the field as they saw fit. This was, of course, impossible under the three field system (System of agricultural cultivation in Western Europe; included one-third in spring grains, one-third fallow) (Agricultural), which had dominated English agriculture from the 9th century. Since farmers, small and large, held their property in long strips, they had to follow the same rules of cultivation. The local parish or village determined what ought to be planted. In the end, the open field system of crop rotation was an obstacle to increased agricultural productivity. The solution was to enclose the land, and this meant enclosing entire villages. Landlords, by petition to Parliament, started enclosure, and in the 19th century, more than 900 acts of enclosure were passed (agricultural). The enclosure movement could prevent the Malthusian Catastrophe as it ultimately contributed to an increased agricultural surplus, necessary to feed a population that would double in the 19th century. Another important role it played was the mobility of the workers. The Enclosure Movement, although was indirect, and roundabout, also contributed in improving the British economy. The enclosure movement dramatically changed the English way of life, leading to the enormous economic upheavals that had a profound influence on the modern society. As a result of the enclosure movement, many peasants and working class people were forced to move to the cities, where they could get jobs. Consequently, large numbers of people left rural areas to move into the cities, where they became laborers in the factories during the Industrial Revolution (More). In the cities, they played as factory workers, being engaged in increasing the industrial production s. In fact, the Malthusian Catastrophe referred a return to subsistence level conditions as a result of agricultural production and economy being outstripped by growth in population (Thomas). Thomas Malthus argued that the unprecedented population growth will outpace the agricultural revolution, and this will result in deaths through starvation and hunger. However, it did not happen. The enclosure movement was the driving force behind social and economic changes in Britain, especially the rural lives. By revolutionizing the landscape, and also by appropriate public land for a private benefit, Britain could make a huge improvement in increasing both the agricultural and economic productivity. The agricultural productivity of Britain grew significantly in the period of the enclosure movement, and had also made Britain, a center of the world economy. Although there still was an increase in population, the introduction of the enclosure movement, followed by the industrial revolution allowed the population growth to be sustained, and the Malthusian Catastrophe didnt occur. Despite the fact that the enclosure movement played lots of important roles in increasing the agricultural production, and improving the British economy, therere also some negative interpretations toward the movement. Historians often go against the need of introducing the Enclosure Movement for two main reasons; one, it kicked many traditional farmers off from the community owned land they had used, putting them out of work in the cities (Snooks). Second, as the result of the population growth in cities, poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets, while homes shared toilet facilities, and open sewers (Tuttle). Furthermore, disease was spread through a contaminated water supply. Third, peasants, and lower class people, who lost their land to work on, moved to towns, where all families had to work (Tuttle). Therefore, even children had to work in factories under poor working conditions. Although there are some negative aspects toward the Enclosure Movement, the fact that Britain had achieved a great progress in agricultural productivity and economy could prevent Britain from the Malthusian Catastrophe. By revolutionizing the landscape, Britain enjoyed the increasing amount of agricultural production that could support the increasing number of population. Moreover, the facts that farmers and low class people moved to the towns made British economy increase. The Industrial Revolution brought many material benefits that still remain established in the modern world. Undergoing the industrial and agricultural revolution, Britain could be the central power both as a rural, and an urban country, which in fact, allowed Britain to prevent the Malthusian Catastrophe. Conclusion The Industrial Revolution was a great shift in the eighteenth century in Britain. When Thomas Malthus, a well known economist, came out with the theory, about the agriculture and economics being outstripped by increasing number of population, many people in Britain were worried about the growth rate of population. The introduction of the Malthusian Catastrophe meant the introduction of a tremendous disasters, which include diseases, misery, vice and poverty. The fierce was heightened when the capacity theory, which was concerned with the idea of resources becoming limited, reducing the populations rate of growth, was introduced, resulting in a large populace trying to find a way that could stop the catastrophe. However, the Industrial Revolution opened a new road, not only for Britain, but also for the world, with a concept of introducing new machines, techniques, and a movement to the agricultural based country. Although the Industrial Revolution is often harshly criticized for the negative outputs they brought, such as pollution, poor working conditions, and taking up of rights, it was the Industrial Revolution that could have prevented Britain from the Malthusian Catastrophe. Britain, by going through the Industrial Revolution, changed from a rural and agricultural society, to an urban and industrial society. As agricultural revolution was introduced, the efficiency in farming was ameliorated. Also, it became one of the most powerful countries in the world with its massive increase in agricultural productivity, and economy. Although some historians argue that the whole Industrial Revolution was not justifiable, the Industrial Revolution resulted in efficiently produced goods, agricultural revolution, and the enclosure movement, which eventually prevented Britain from the Malthusian Catastrophe.